How can social innovations make a bigger impact on climate neutrality and wellbeing?
The scale up framework developed by the World Health Organization provides the foundation for the development of a scaling up plan, and it helps strucuring a scale-up strategy. The framework is an actionalble tool for cities to consider main issues central to scaling up social innovations and other types of people based innovations for climate neutrality. It views scaling up as a system of interrelated elements and strategic decisions that have to be made: the (social) innovation to be scaled up, the institution/organizations that will adopt and implement it on a larger scale, the external conditions and institutions that will affect the prospects for scaling up (environment), the individuals and organizations that will promote and facilitate wider use of the innovation (resource team). Once insights have been gathered on all these elements, the actual plans/actions (strategy) can start to be designed by deciding on the type of scaling up, and considering the necessary resources (costs, capabilities, capacities), the scaling up process (scope, pace, participatory, centralized…), how to disseminate the innovation, monitor and evaluate it. This framework has been used for the planning and assessment of various health system innovations. It was developed in conjunction with the World Health Organization WHO, NGOs and international agencies (2010), for the purpose of providing a tool that gives a structured systemic view of scaling up.
Name of Method
Brief description
Type/Level of Method
Challenges
Social innovations and social enterprises often face the issue that the organization remains small, thus providing a small impact for climate neutrality. The WHO scaling up framework is a useful tool to guide organizations in developing scaling stratgies.
Problem, Purpose and Needs
For successful scale up, cities should plan how their pilot innovations can be implemented on a larger scale and achieve broad impact. When launching a rollout process, there should be a good balance between the desired outcomes and practical realities and constraints. This framework gives innovators a holistic and systematic view on the different elements to consider and helps identify actions to take and decisions to make to successfully design a scaling up strategy.
Relevance to Climate Neutrality
Challenges
Thematic Areas
Impact Goals
Issue Complexity
Issue Polarisation
Enabling Condition
Essential Considerations for Commissioning Authorities
Engagement Journey
Governance Models and Approaches
Enabling Conditions
Democratic Purpose
Spectrum of participation
Communication Channels
Actors and Stakeholder Relationships
Members of the organization will need to collect and analyse information by discussing with involved parties. General stakeholder participation is not a requirement in this framework, although involving key partners can be beneficial for efficient scaling up strategy definition.
Participant Numbers
Actors and Stakeholders
Participant Recruitment
Interaction between participants
Format
Social Innovation Development Stage
Scope
Time commitment
There is no strict start or end to this framework. It is a guide to start apprehending the scaling up process, which takes time to develop up and has a long-term view. It can be used to reflect on the situation and identify some actions towards defining a scale up strategy.
Resources and Investments
Typical duration
Resources and Investments
In-house
Step by Step
This is a simple framework that provides guidance on how to think about and approach the drafting of a scaling up strategy of an innovation. Most of the following steps draw on previous analyses and assessments conducted throughout the process of developing and implementing the innovation. Meetings between different parties should be organized to discuss and brainstorm on the different elements, to ensure a holistic view.
1. The first step is to clarify what the innovation is, listing all its components and thinking about what activities were necessary to put it in place. It is important to focus on key components to simplify it. Then, the scalability of the innovation should be assessed (e.g. is it credible, are results observable, is it relevant, does it have an advantage over existing practices, is it easy to understand and transfer). Documents on the innovation’s impacts should be gathered and referred to here: they will help understand the key components and outcomes of the innovation as well as to communicate a shared vision. The scalability assessment should spark some recommended actions that should be summarized, or highlight if the innovation is too complex and might need to be redesigned.
2. The second step looks into the capacity of the institution(s) to implement the strategy with a long-term view: it should be clear who these stakeholders are and if they have the capacity to scale the innovation – looking at the context, the need/motivation, as well as actual implementation capacity (human resources, skills, logistics, facilities, leadership, values, policies…). Capacity-building should have been tested when developing the pilot and again referring to the implementation assessment can be useful to identify potential weaknesses. In the case of multiple partners, it is essential to clarify roles, responsibilities and ownership. Recommended actions emerging from this step should be summarized.
3. Then, it is key to assess the environment to establish realistic expectations about the pace and scope of the scaling up strategy in particular: identifying the relevant environmental sectors (policy context, bureaucratic structure, socioeconomic and cultural contexts, people’s needs…), considering their relations, and thinking about how to maximize opportunities and minimize constraints. The PESTEL and SWOT analyses that should have been conducted at the beginning of the process are useful here. Recommendations of required actions should be summarized.
4. A strong resource team with appropriate skills and time is essential for successful scaling up: the individuals/institutions that facilitated the development of the innovation should be listed, as well as the ones that should be involved moving forward. Then some questions on their leadership, skills, experience, size, resources and stability should be answered to assess if they have the capacity to support the scale up. It should be noted that the resource team, user organization and environment can overlap. Recommended actions should be summarized.
At this point of the framework, there should be reports on the scalability of the innovation, capacity of different stakeholders to implement scaling up, potential for success and how to increase them. This gives the foundation to start formulating the scale up strategy, by deciding on strategic choices.
Next steps therefore involve starting to draft the strategy; deciding on the resources, pathways, process, dissemination and M&E. Particularly, the type of scaling up should be considered: it is important to effectively combine vertical (institutional; bottom up and/or top down interactions between local, intermediate and national levels) and horizontal (expansion, replication…). The timing and sequencing of these two scaling up approaches will be important.
Evaluation
This is an approach that aims to provide a solid foundation for the subsequent definition of a scaling up strategy. It can be evaluated by how capable innovators feel to design an efficient strategy after going through this framework.
Connecting Methods
Involved participants should be knowledgeable about the innovation and the implementation of the pilot. Any kind of data is useful to support the quality of the knowledge shared for providing evidence (i.e., graphs, dashboards, quotes, photos, reports). This framework also builds on other methods that might have been used throughout the innovation development process (e.g. PESTEL, SWOT, System Mapping, etc.).
Flexibility and Adaptability
The framework is flexible and can be adapted to the context of the innovation. It is more intended as a simple guide on how to approach developing a scale up strategy.
Existing Guidelines and Best Practice
World Health Organization. (2010). Nine steps for developing a scaling-up strategy. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44432/9789241500319_eng.pdf
World Health Organization. (2009). Practical guidance for scaling up health service innovations. World Health Organization.
https://expandnet.net/PDFs/WHO_ExpandNet_Practical_Guide_published.pdf
References and Further Resources
World Health Organization. (2010). Nine steps for developing a scaling-up strategy. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44432/9789241500319_eng.pdf
World Health Organization. (2009). Practical guidance for scaling up health service innovations. World Health Organization.
https://expandnet.net/PDFs/WHO_ExpandNet_Practical_Guide_published.pdf
Agapitova, N., & Linn, J. F. (2016). Scaling Up Social Enterprise Innovations: Approaches and Lessons. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/WorkingPaper95ScalingUpSocialEnterpriseInnovationsRev.pdf
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