Using building automation and control system can prepare an Enhance stability of the urban infrastructure and Increase access to clean, affordable, and secure energy.

Political:

Raising awareness of the technology's benefits, requirements and potential role in urban decarbonization. The use of the technology could be incentivised by tax benefits, or subsidies. Building regulations can integrate requirements for the use of building automation and controls systems, or at least the installation of enabling equipment, e.g., smart meters, smart control units, and communication infrastructure.

Economic:

Building automation and control systems allow more energy efficient building operation, leading to reduced energy cost. High energy prices further incentivise energy efficient behaviour and therefore the use of the technology. Furthermore, building automation and control systems, in combination with storage capacities, can shift energy consumption. Time flexible energy tariffs therefore further incentivise the use of the technology.

Social:

Awareness of energy efficiency potentials and their importance.

Technical:

Buildings with a high thermal standard benefit more from building automation and control systems, as they often feature low temperature heating systems and mechanical ventilation systems that can be centrally operated and influenced. Beside heating and ventilation systems that can utilize the technology, a variety of sensors for physical parameters in the building, e.g., temperature, humidity, occupancy, is required.

Legal:

Implementation and promotion in building regulation

Main barriers/obstacles that should be considered and what are the most typical barriers found that can hinder the implementation of the solution. Also considering connections with other areas.

Political: Lack of awareness for importance of technology

Economic: Lack of economic incentives, e.g., energy price, flexible energy tariffs,

Social: Missing know how and workers in construction industry, distrust towards the technology

Technical: Lack of sensors and digitalized meters, e.g., unfinished roll-out of smart meters, incompatible heating and ventilation system.

Legal: Data privacy

Drawbacks can consist of faulty building operations if automation systems are installed wrongly. Additionally, the introduction of digital sensors and meters can be related to privacy issues, as sensitive data is processed.

• https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:d9035c01-2e7c-47b3-973a-c523d49cb626/bems-building-energy-management-system-siemens.pdf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4nFkB_TWcg&t=1428s
• https://www.mysmartlife.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Info_packs/info-packs_pdf/Smart_office_building_demonstrations____fin.pdf

What do you achieve (Specific energy saved (compared to conventional technology): MWh/MW, Specific costs saved, Specific emissions saved)? How much it costs (Capex, OPEX), also considering connections with other areas. how to consider carbon sink/storage (mitigation solution), add formulas for calculating in an easy way, ask context to cities and make a calculation of indicators for that specific context.

Digitalisation impact, source : https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/864bbbe7-f1d9-11ec-a534-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

National digitalisation impact, source: https://prod-drupal-files.storage.googleapis.com/documents/resource/public/Mobile%20Carbon%20Impact%20-%20REPORT.pdf

Instruments for a wide implementation building automation and control systems could be adapted building regulations that integrate the technology.

Also, establishing and following data standards on building energy data via regulations could be a useful instrument. Furthermore, aspects of building. Automation and control systems could be further integrated in the education of practitioners to ensure the availability of know how.

• The aforementioned building automation and control system provided by Siemens (BEMS) was successfully demonstrated in Aspern Seestadt in Vienna, Austria.
• In Use Case 12, where energy demand and flexibility usage are optimized in a student dorm and office buildings (https://www.ascr.at/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-UC12-DE.pdf