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Field Experiment
By utilizing an experimental design, such as A/B testing, users (i.e., citizens) are randomly exposed to different options, then results are compared. The aim is testing which solution is best. For example, when utilizing a service, half of the users are provided one version of the service (intervention A), while the other half of the participants are provided a different version (intervention B). Performance and other data are collected for all users for the two conditions: the best performing solution is then adopted for all. Field experiments can be applied to test not only 2 but multiple options, in a specific setting or over time, and can take into account the effect of moderating variables (such as cultures, expertise, age, etc.). Randomized controlled trials, a top methodology utilized in policy making, are a specific form of experiments in which the users/population receiving the (policy) intervention is chosen randomly from the eligible population, and a control group is also chosen at random from the same population.

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CultureEducationGovernance and policySocial innovation
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