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Concept: Industrial symbiosis

Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is an innovative approach that brings together companies from different sectors to promote the valorisation of waste, improvement of resource efficiency and reduction of environmental impact.(Optimising Environmental Performance of Symbiotic Networks Using Semantics - ScienceDirect)

Industrial Symbiosis involves an exchange of products, by-products and/or waste between different industries. Industrial processes use resources such as raw material and energy to produce a specific product.

These products can be used by near-by industries as their raw material. In addition, by-products or waste generated by the process lines can also be used as raw material or supplementary resources for other industries.

In an optimum industrial symbiosis, the input-output relationship must match, this results in zero or near zero waste generation of all industrial processes involved.

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Circular economyClimate resilienceWasteIndustryMaterialsTechnology
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